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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=ES link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Thank you very much for your explanation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The num_init_children configuration parameter is bigger than concurrent users used in the test.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Attached is the results of the test, as you can see with pgbench directly, the TPS amount are almost double.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The test was performed over two virtual machines with 4 processors and 2 GB of RAM each one.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Pgbech was executed from other machine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Ubuntu Server 16.04, PostgreSQL 9.6.1, Pgpool-3.5.5.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Is there any way to increase the pgpool results?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Regards.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b>De:</b> David Sisk -X (dsisk - TEKSYSTEMS INC at Cisco) [mailto:dsisk@cisco.com] <br><b>Enviado el:</b> viernes, 10 de febrero de 2017 04:58 p. m.<br><b>Para:</b> Lazaro Garcia; pgpool-general@pgpool.net; pgsql-admin@postgresql.org<br><b>Asunto:</b> RE: [pgpool-general: 5318] Why pgpool TPS is lowest versus postgresql direct connections?<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>My immediate thought would be this: PGPool is much slower with a larger number of concurrent users because some of the connections are being queued by PGPool. Take a look at your num_init_children parameter…unlike most connection pooling layers, PGPool doesn’t have separate config parameters for the initial number of backend connections and the max number of backend connections…num_init_children controls both. Increase num_init_children to at least the number of concurrent connections plus a few, and re-try the benchmark tests.<o:p></o:p></span></a></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Also, the benefits of load balancing don’t tend to show up well with pgbench or sysbench default benchmarks. PGPool imposes some overhead in determining which queries can be load-balanced against a standby…with SELECT queries that execute in only a few milliseconds, it might take PGPool longer to make that decision than it would have to just send it straight to the primary. So, you won’t see the load balancing benefits with SELECT queries that execute in a few milliseconds, but when you send it SELECT queries that take a few seconds or longer to execute you’ll start to see the benefits. You could create a custom benchmark that has some high-reduction queries that would take a few seconds to execute, then run the benchmarks with that…you should then see scalability improvements from the load balancing.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Hope this helps,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=543 style='width:407.25pt'><tr><td colspan=3 style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><img width=543 height=70 id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.png@01D283B7.1D588500" alt=banner2></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:7.5pt'><td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:7.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:1.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:7.5pt'></td><td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:7.5pt'></td></tr><tr><td nowrap valign=top style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 18.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666'>David Sisk</span></b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666'>Engineer - Software<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="mailto:dsisk@cisco.com"><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666;text-decoration:none'>dsisk@cisco.com</span></a><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666'>Tel: <o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=275 valign=top style='width:206.25pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666'>Cisco Systems, Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666'>7025-6 Kit Creek Road PO Box 14987<br>RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK<br>27709-4987<br>United States<br>cisco.com<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D;display:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=400 style='width:300.0pt'><tr><td style='padding:0cm 15.0pt 0cm 18.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#009900'><img border=0 width=18 height=19 id="Picture_x0020_3" src="cid:image002.gif@01D283B7.1D588500" alt="http://www.cisco.com/assets/swa/img/thinkbeforeyouprint.gif">Think before you print.<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:0cm 15.0pt 0cm 18.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#999999'>This email may contain confidential and privileged material for the sole use of the intended recipient. Any review, use, distribution or disclosure by others is strictly prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient (or authorized to receive for the recipient), please contact the sender by reply email and delete all copies of this message.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#999999'>Please </span><a href="http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html" title="Legal Information"><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#0E58A0'>click here</span></a><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#999999'> for Company Registration Information.<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US> <a href="mailto:pgpool-general-bounces@pgpool.net">pgpool-general-bounces@pgpool.net</a> [<a href="mailto:pgpool-general-bounces@pgpool.net">mailto:pgpool-general-bounces@pgpool.net</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Lazaro Garcia<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, February 9, 2017 5:00 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:pgpool-general@pgpool.net">pgpool-general@pgpool.net</a>; <a href="mailto:pgsql-admin@postgresql.org">pgsql-admin@postgresql.org</a><br><b>Subject:</b> [pgpool-general: 5318] Why pgpool TPS is lowest versus postgresql direct connections?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>The correct results reported by sysbench was:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=543 style='width:407.0pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=223 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:167.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Concurrent Users<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:60.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>1<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:60.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>20<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:60.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>50<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:60.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>100<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=223 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:167.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>PostgreSQL<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>3582<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>11943<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>12852<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>10618<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=223 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:167.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Pgpool<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>2240<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>7628<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>7013<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>6135<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Is there any way to tuning this behavior?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b>De:</b> Lazaro Garcia [<a href="mailto:lazaro3487@gmail.com">mailto:lazaro3487@gmail.com</a>] <br><b>Enviado el:</b> miércoles, 8 de febrero de 2017 05:28 p. m.<br><b>Para:</b> 'pgpool-general@pgpool.net'; 'pgsql-admin@postgresql.org'<br><b>Asunto:</b> Why pgpool TPS is lowest versus postgresql direct connections?<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>After installed Pgpool with 2 postgresql nodes with streaming replication, I have noticed that access directly to postgresql is more efficient than through pgpool.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>I supposed that load balance could increase the transactions per second executed because each node could receive more load, but the results shown below are not expected.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>This is the setup:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Pgpool 3.6.1 whit connection pooling, streaming replication mode and load balancing mode.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>2 PostgreSQL server 9.6.1 whit streaming replication.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>For the tests I used sysbench and pgbench.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>The results of sysbench:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=543 style='width:407.0pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=223 nowrap valign=top style='width:167.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Concurrent Users<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>1<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>20<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>50<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>100<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=223 nowrap valign=top style='width:167.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>PostgreSQL (TPS) Direct<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>1166<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>20936<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>25743<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>27344<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=223 nowrap valign=top style='width:167.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Pgpool (TPS)<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>2240<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>7628<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>7013<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>6135<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>The results of pgbench<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=457 style='width:343.0pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=137 nowrap valign=top style='width:103.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>1<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>20<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>50<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>100<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=137 nowrap valign=top style='width:103.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>PostgreSQL (TPS) Direct<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>1403<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>6805<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>6194<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>5726<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=137 nowrap valign=top style='width:103.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Pgpool (TPS)<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>511<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>5430<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>5528<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=top style='width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>4705<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>As you can see in both cases even with load balance, the total transactions per second are lower.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Is this the expected behavior. Is there any way to allow more TPS when pgpool is used?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>There are other publications with similar results:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://www.os3.nl/_media/2011-2012/courses/lia/rory_breuk_gerrie_veerman_-_report.pdf">https://www.os3.nl/_media/2011-2012/courses/lia/rory_breuk_gerrie_veerman_-_report.pdf</a> (page 28)<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://www.mail-archive.com/pgpool-general@pgfoundry.org/msg03326.html">http://www.mail-archive.com/pgpool-general@pgfoundry.org/msg03326.html</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Regards<o:p></o:p></p></div></body></html>